ARRIVAL BY AIR
There are three major airports in Moscow: Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, and Vnukovo. If you come from abroad you will arrive either to Sheremetyevo 2 international airport (all major international airlines and Aeroflot) or to Domodedovo international airport (Swiss Airlines, AirMalta, British Airways, Emirates, El Al, China Eastern, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways and most of the Central Asian airlines, plus most domestic airlines, except Aeroflot). If you take a domestic flight, it'll be either to / from Sheremetyevo 1 or Domodedovo airports.
The new and renovated Vnukovo airport serves mostly domestic flights (UtAir, Vladivostok Avia, flights to North Caucasus), as well as the new GermanWings flights to/from Germany. ARRIVAL BY CAR The roads that lead to Moscow are better kept up than in the rest of Russia and some signs are even written in Roman lettering so tourists can decipher them. Still, driving can be difficult because of bureaucratic red tape and confusing road signs. Not many people opt to drive their car to Moscow, but if you do, the most direct route runs from Finland through St Petersburg along the Helsinki-St Petersburg Highway, which turns into the Moscow-St Petersburg Highway. Driving is Russia usually ends up being more of a hassle than a pleasure, as the roads are poorly maintained and there’s a likelihood of becoming a victim of theft along the way. ARRIVAL BY BUS Buses from regional areas are usually in fairly good shape, but buses coming from long distances are usually substandard and should be avoided if at all possible. The buses arrive in the Central Bus Station at Shchelkovskoe Shosse 75. Buses run to a number of towns and cities within about 700km (435 mi) of Moscow. Buses are reasonably comfortable but to most places they're a bit slower than trains, and less frequent. ARRIVAL BY TRAIN All of Moscow's train lines empty into the city center and are accessible via metro. The three most commonly used train stations are Belorussky vokzal, which has trains from Western Europe; Kievsky vokzal, which has trains from Budapest, Prague and Kiev; and Leningradsky vokzal, which has trains from Helsinki and St Petersburg.
It usually takes about 36 hours to get from Western Europe to Moscow or St. Petersburg by train. If you take a train from Eastern Europe (Warsaw, Poland, for example) it'll take you around 24 hours, whilst travelling from the Baltic states will take you around 15 hours. Add some time for changing trains. The average return ticket from Western Europe to Moscow by train is around $200.Obviously, the closer you are to Russia the cheaper it is, especially from the Baltic States.If you have an international rail pass the price might be considerably cheaper, depending on the option you choose.